Analisis Bibliometrik dan Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis Adopsi Artificial Intelligence pada UMKM: Identifikasi Pola, Gap, serta Peluang Riset Masa Depan Strategis

Abstract

Digital transformation in SMEs continues to attract researchers' attention, given this sector's strategic role in the national economy amid low adoption of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly in developing countries. This study aims to map the development of literature on "AI implementation in SMEs" using a Bibliometric-Systematic Literature Review (B-SLR) approach. Data were sourced from Scopus using the keywords "artificial intelligence," "adoption," and "SMEs" for the 2022–2026 period, yielding 194 documents for bibliometric analysis and 8 core Q1–Q2 articles for the SLR study. The analysis employed Biblioshiny and R-based topic modeling. The findings reveal that AI research in SMEs remains focused on technology adoption, digital transformation, and operational efficiency. Co-occurrence analysis identified four main clusters reflecting the interrelationship between AI, Industry 4.0, sustainability, and organizational factors. The thematic map shows that Industry 4.0, sustainability, and the Internet of Things are emerging as dominant themes. Furthermore, the SLR confirms that the main barriers to AI implementation in SMEs in developing countries include low digital literacy, limited human resources, inadequate infrastructure, and restricted access to financing. This study concludes that the social dimension, organizational culture, and sustainability of AI implementation remain underexplored in the existing literature.